In woodblock printing, a relief image of an entire page was carved into blocks of wood, inked, and used to print copies of that page. This method originated in China, in the Han dynasty (before 220 AD), as a method of printing on textiles and later paper, and was widely used throughout East Asia. The oldest dated book printed by this method is The Diamond Sutra (868 AD). The method (called woodcut when used in art) arrived in Europe in the early 14th century. Books (known as block-books), as well as playing-cards and religious pictures, began to be produced by this method. Creating an entire book was a painstaking process, requiring a hand-carved block for each page; and the wood blocks tended to crack, if stored for long. The monks or people who wrote them were paid highly.
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The size of a modern book is based on the printing area of a common flatbed press. The pages of type were arranged and clamped in a frame, so that when printed on a sheet of paper the full size of the press, the pages would be right side up and in order when the sheet was folded, and the folded edges trimmed.
NJB 2 Corinthians 10:1 I urge you by the gentleness and forbearance of Christ -- this is Paul now speaking personally-I, the one who is so humble when he is facing you but full of boldness at a distance.
Barton on urge - Paul used the Greek verbparakalo for "plead" that officials within the Roman Empire, who had full authority to order and command, used to ask someone in a polite way to do something. By using this word, Paul was in no way conceding anything to his opponents: He did have the authority to command. Yet Paul consciously refused to exercise his authority in an overbearing manner. Instead of commanding, he asked. (Paul used this same strategy in2:8; 6:1; 12:18; see also Romans 12:1; 1 Corinthians 1:10;4:13, 16; 16:15; 1 Thessalonians 4:1.) Because he refused to act authoritatively, his opponents accused him of being timid and cowardly....Following Christ's example, the apostle Paul, who possessed full authority from Jesus (2Co 2:17; 2Co 5:19), merely pleaded with the Corinthians. In this way, Paul was showing them Christ's gentleness and kindness. (1 & 2 Corinthians Life Application Bible Commentary)
When I am present alludes to the fact that Paul would be making another visit to Corinth (2Co 12:20+). Recall he has been accused of being wimpy when absent, but here Paul reverses that and is hopeful things can be set in order so that he would not be forced on arrival to show them he is fully capable of not just "severe" letters but stern words in their presence! He did not want to be bold (stern) but gentle and meek in their presences. Note Paul's play on the verb logizomai saying he would propose (logizomai)(to speak the truth) but they would regard (logizomai)(speaking false accusations).
Confidence (4006) pepoithesis from peitho = to persuade, come to a settled conviction) means full persuasion and expresses a belief in someone or something to the point of placing one's trust or reliance in them - the idea is having been persuaded and remaining persuaded. It is a belief that one can rely on someone or something. The nuance of meaning depends on the context - it can mean confidence or trust in others (2Co 1:15), in God (Ep 3:12) or in oneself (i.e., self-confidence) (2Co 10:12).
Flesh (4561) sarx is used 147 times in the NT (in table below click book title for uses of sarx). A simple definition of sarx is difficult because sarx has many nuances (e.g., some Greek lexicons list up to 11 definitions for sarx!). The diligent disciple must carefully observe the context of each use of sarx in order to accurately discern which nuance is intended. The range of meaning extends from the physical flesh (both human and animal), to the human body, to the entire person, and even to all humankind! STRONG'S Summarization = 1) flesh (the soft substance of the living body, which covers the bones and is permeated with blood) of both man and beasts 2) the body 2a) the body of a man 2b) used of natural or physical origin, generation or relationship 2b1) born of natural generation 2c) the sensuous nature of man, "the animal nature" 2c1) without any suggestion of depravity 2c2) the animal nature with cravings which incite to sin 2c3) the physical nature of man as subject to suffering 3) a living creature (because possessed of a body of flesh) whether man or beast 4) the flesh, denotes mere human nature, the earthly nature of man apart from divine influence, and therefore prone to sin and opposed to God
THOUGHT - Are you experiencing frequent defeats in your spiritual battles? Do you even see them as spiritual battles? Jesus waged war against the epitome of evil spirits in His temptation by the devil in the wilderness (read Mt 4:1-11+, Luke 4:1-13+). He was fully God, but waged war as fully Man, a Man filled with the Word (memorization of passages in Deuteronomy) and filled with the Spirit and His power, and having put on the full armor of God, He successfully fended off the devil's repeated tempting attacks. In so doing he left every believer the pattern we too must follow/imitate, if we would be victorious over the invisible enemy. Are you letting the Word of Christ richly dwell within you, not just in your head, but in your heart (Col 3:16+)? Are you continually filled with the Holy Spirit (Eph 5:18+)? These are God's provisions that alone will guarantee victory in our daily spiritual battles. The Holy Word and the Holy Spirit are a "unit" (cf Ep 6:17+) and you must be energized by both to be a fully equipped soldier of Christ. And beloved, the battles will be DAILY, because our enemy never takes a rest and never goes AWOL (like a lot of believers!)! Do not be deceived. Do not let your guard down. Do not become lazy and apathetic in this lifelong war.
As I stood in the top tower of that ancient fortress, looking down at the valley below and hearing the stories of all the foreign armies who had unsuccessfully tried to take this stronghold captive, I thought of Paul's words in Second Corinthians 10:4. He wrote, "(For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds.)"
Alas, how much time we give to the life as it appears before men, and how little do we give to the life that appears before God! Yet it is that life that shines through everything, it is that life which is lived with the Lord Himself and which is clothed with heavenly armor that reveals itself in spirituality. It is that life, when it is lacking, that displays itself in carnality (cp John 6:63). The world, you see, sees the expression on a man's face, hears the tone of his voice, studies his actions whether they are selfish or unselfish, and by these he is judged inevitably and rightly. In spite of all his efforts to hold it all in check, he is conveying transparently to other people that his Christianity is all in the shop-window, and he is painfully lacking in being clothed with the armor of God in the soul.
When carnality arises in our hearts, causing us to answer back, to retaliate, and to fail to follow the principle of discipleship laid down by the Master, then at that moment we must think on these things, and answer the enemy by saying, "I'm sorry, my house is full, I have no room for you and I have no time to listen to you." That is the law of attention.
THOUGHT - Have you had any "enemy intruders" today, thoughts like "I can't forgive that person," "I need to gratify my flesh," "I am angry at that person," etc, etc. Did you take them captive? If you are filled with the Word and the Spirit, you can successfully corral those thoughts beloved! If you do not take these enemy intruders captive, guess what? Our spiritual enemies (the world, the flesh and the devil) will use them to take us captive!
It is possible to establish a grid, a filter composed of strong biblical convictions and Christ-centered thoughts (1Co 2:16, cp Pr 4:23, 22:5, 28:26). Such a filter can allow us to examine carefully, sort out, and deal with ungodly input (1Th 5:21, 22- see notes)
And we are ready (hetoimos) to punish (ekdikeo) all disobedience (parakoe), whenever your obedience is complete (pleroo) - Once the Corinthian church responded in obedience to the Gospel, it would become very clear who among them were still in disobedience. Obedience is complete refers to their being fully committed to Christ as their Lord. Then Paul could effectively separate out the wheat from the chaff so to speak (cf Ps 1:4-6+) The result would be a church set free from the false teaching and teachers (at least for a time).
Murray Harris - If circumstances forced Paul to turn from "meekness and gentleness" to a stern assertion of his authority, from appeal to discipline, his plan of action was in two stages. First, there was the need to bring the Corinthians' obedience to completion (cf. 2:9; 7:15). This would be achieved when they dissociated themselves from the interlopers, fully recognized Paul's apostolic authority, and made a total break with idolatry (6:14-7:1). Second, there was the punishment of "every act of disobedience" performed by his adversaries from Palestine or by any Corinthians who remained insubordinate. Precisely what form the punishment would take cannot be known. Only after securing a firm base in the Corinthian church would Paul risk a face-to-face confrontation with those who still opposed him. Unless a church as a whole is willing to recognize and support spiritual discipline, that discipline will remain largely ineffective. Another important principle emerges when vv. 5 and 6 are compared. Obedience to Christ entails submission to his appointed representatives. (1 and 2 Corinthians The Expositor's Bible Commentary) 2ff7e9595c
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